The construction sector is one of the largest consumers of materials worldwide, with buildings being a major contributor to global energy consumption. According to the IPCC report (2014), the building sector accounts for approximately 19% of total global greenhouse gas emissions. These emissions are primarily composed of carbon dioxide (CO₂) at 72%, followed by methane at 18%, and nitrous oxide at 9%. CO₂ emissions have reportedly increased by nearly 3% annually over the past five decades.
Unfortunately, current construction practices often overlook the environmental impacts they generate. To address this issue, one of the approaches that can be adopted is the use of environmentally friendly materials such as Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB). CEBs are compacted earth blocks that are formed without the use of combustion, helping to reduce carbon emissions. In addition, CEBs can function as structural elements that reduce the need for cement. The use of CEBs is also considered effective in minimizing energy consumption and lowering environmental impacts and overall carbon footprints.
What Is Compressed Earth Block (CEB)?
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The use of Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB) in construction is one environmentally friendly method to reduce negative impacts on the environment. These blocks are made from a mixture of soil and small amounts of additives such as cement or lime, then compressed until they become solid and hard. CEBs are commonly used for one- or two-story buildings because they are strong enough to bear loads.
However, not all types of soil are suitable for making CEBs. The soil must have the right texture and moisture content to be effectively compacted and produce strong blocks. Cement or lime is added to reinforce the blocks and prevent them from crumbling easily. Since soil is widely available in many places, CEBs are inexpensive and easy to produce.
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Compressed Earth Blocks: an affordable and sustainable alternative to bricks
Soil excavated from the construction site can be used directly, reducing costs and lowering pollution from transport vehicles typically used to carry construction materials like concrete. The production process also does not require heavy machinery, making it more energy-efficient. CEBs are also “breathable,” meaning they can absorb and release moisture, which helps maintain a cool and less humid indoor atmosphere.
For added strength and weather resistance, natural fibers such as straw or coconut husk can be mixed in. These fibers help prevent cracking, speed up drying, and improve the overall durability of the blocks. According to research, the energy required to produce CEBs is significantly lower than that needed for concrete—only about 1% in comparison. Therefore, using CEBs is a more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly construction choice.
Compressed Earth Block (CEB) for Green Building
Green building is a holistic approach that takes into account the impact of buildings on both the environment and their occupants. Through energy-efficient design and the use of renewable energy and local materials, green buildings can significantly reduce carbon emissions and operational costs. As awareness of climate change and resource scarcity grows, the construction industry is beginning to shift toward more sustainable practices.
Many industry players are now turning to eco-friendly building materials such as bamboo, recycled steel, straw, rammed earth, and various alternatives to conventional concrete. Each of these materials offers distinct advantages, such as strength, sustainability, and a reduced carbon footprint. Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB) are one of the most promising alternative materials for green building construction.
Unlike traditional bricks that require firing, the production of CEB does not involve combustion, resulting in significantly lower energy consumption and minimal carbon emissions. Additionally, since the soil used can be sourced directly from the construction site, CEBs help support the local economy and reduce emissions from long-distance material transportation. These characteristics make CEBs an efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly solution.
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What is green building?
CEBs are especially well-suited for hot and dry climates, such as tropical or desert regions, due to their excellent indoor thermal stabilization properties. This material is capable of absorbing heat when outdoor temperatures are high (during the day) and releasing that heat as temperatures drop (at night)—a property known as thermal mass. As a result, indoor temperatures remain stable and comfortable even when outdoor temperatures fluctuate.
For instance, during hot days, CEBs absorb heat slowly, keeping the interior of the building cool. When night falls and outdoor temperatures drop, the stored heat is gradually released, preventing indoor spaces from becoming too cold. This thermal regulation reduces the need for air conditioning or other cooling systems, thereby lowering energy consumption. This is particularly important in regions like Saudi Arabia, the Middle East, or eastern parts of Indonesia, where long dry seasons and high temperatures are common.
Due to its ability to stabilize temperatures and reduce the need for additional energy, CEB is an ideal choice for building homes, schools, resorts, and community centers, especially in areas that prioritize sustainability and energy efficiency. The path to sustainable construction begins with a proper understanding of carbon strategies and regulations. Online consultations are available to support you in designing projects that align with environmental vision and emission efficiency.
Author: Dherika
Editor: Sabilla
References
Al-Sakkaf, Y.K., Bashir, F.M., Mohamed, A.S.M., Emmanuel, F., Taha, G., Yakubu, A.D., & Mohsen, N. (2025). Advancing Sustainable Compressed Earth Blocks Practice: A Critical Application of Simulation and Optimization in Reducing Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Emmisions in Green Building. Energy Science & Engineering, 13(2), 926-943. https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2053.
Kamal, M.A. (2023). Analyzing the Potential of Compressed Earth Blocks as a Feasible and Sustainable Building Material. Architecture Engineering and Science, 4(2), 62-71. DOI: 10.32629/aes.v4i2.1183.
N S A Asman, N Bolong, A K Mirasa, H Asrah, & I Saad. (2020). Interlocking Compressed Earth Bricks as Low Carbon Footprint Building Material. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci, 476 012086, 1-6.
Saad, A.S., Al-Enezi, F.M., Al-Sayab, H.A., Al-Zayed, Z.H., Awwad, F.H., Al-Muhanna, S.N. (2020). Compressed Earth Blocks: A Sustainable Construction Alternative. In: Bumajdad, A., Bouhamra, W., Alsayegh, O., Kamal, H., Alhajraf, S. (eds) Gulf Conference on Sustainable Built Environment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39734-0_10.